India is the world’s second-largest student sending country after China with the number of Indian
students abroad has increased four times in the last 14 years. Students’ migration of such magnitude
has become a major source of capital and brain drain for India while hugely benefitting the
economies of the advanced countries. Ninety percent of student movement from India is
concentrated in five countries of which Canada is by far the largest recipient, receiving more than
half of the expatriate Indian students, followed by the United States, Australia, and the United
Kingdom.
Several causes appear to be at play in the enormous influx of students outside of India. These can be
grouped into two major categories:
International developments include factors such as the technological revolution, globalization of
education, global demographic trend, and, most importantly, policy changes to aggressively recruit
foreign students who are preferred over immigration of already skilled labor.
Domestic conditions include factors such as the widening gap between demand for and supply of
higher education, the country & regulatory framework, rising income levels, education loan
availability, the desire of the Indian middle class to migrate to developed countries, and the
desperation to gain access to quality education to climb the socio-economic ladder.
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